Keeping your vehicle running smoothly requires more than just gas and oil changes. One of the most important things you can do for your car is to regularly check its fluids. These fluids help different parts of your vehicle work properly, from the engine to the brakes. Ignoring fluid levels can lead to big problems and expensive repairs down the road.
In this article, we'll explain why regular fluid checks are important, what fluids you should be paying attention to, and how often you should check them.
1. Engine Oil
Engine oil is the most well-known and one of the most critical fluids for your car. It lubricates the engine's moving parts, reducing friction and keeping the engine cool. Without enough oil, the engine could overheat or even seize up, which could result in a complete engine failure.
How often to check: You should check your oil level at least once a month, or more often if you drive long distances regularly. Most vehicles have a dipstick under the hood that you can pull out to see the oil level. If the oil is below the recommended level, it's time to add more.
Signs of a problem: If your car’s engine oil looks dark and dirty or you notice smoke coming from the exhaust, it could be time for an oil change.
2. Transmission Fluid
Transmission fluid helps your car shift gears smoothly. It lubricates the moving parts in the transmission, keeping it from overheating and wearing out too quickly. Low or dirty transmission fluid can cause the gears to slip, which makes your car harder to drive and could damage the transmission.
How often to check: Transmission fluid doesn't need to be checked as often as engine oil, but it’s a good idea to check it every few months. Some cars have a dipstick for the transmission fluid, while others require you to visit a mechanic to check it.
Signs of a problem: If you feel jerky shifts when driving, or if you hear strange noises when your car shifts gears, it might be time to check the transmission fluid.
3. Brake Fluid
Brake fluid is essential for your brakes to work properly. When you press the brake pedal, the fluid helps transfer the force to the brakes themselves. If your brake fluid is low or contaminated, your brakes might not work as well, which could lead to dangerous situations on the road.
How often to check: You should check your brake fluid every time you get an oil change, or at least a couple of times a year. If your brake pedal feels soft or spongy, that’s a sign that the fluid may be low, and you should check it immediately.
Signs of a problem: If your car takes longer to stop or the brake warning light comes on, it could mean there’s a problem with the brake fluid.
4. Coolant
Coolant, also called antifreeze, keeps your engine from overheating. It circulates through the engine and absorbs heat, then releases it through the radiator. If there’s not enough coolant in your system, your engine could overheat, leading to expensive repairs or even permanent damage.
How often to check: You should check your coolant level at least twice a year, especially before the summer and winter months when temperatures are extreme. The coolant tank is usually easy to spot under the hood, and most cars have markings that show the proper level.
Signs of a problem: If your engine temperature gauge is running high, or if you notice a sweet smell coming from the engine (which is the smell of leaking coolant), you may have a coolant problem.
5. Power Steering Fluid
Power steering fluid helps you steer the car with ease. Without enough power steering fluid, the steering wheel can become stiff, making it harder to control the car, especially at low speeds.
How often to check: Power steering fluid doesn’t need to be checked very often, but it’s a good idea to check it during your regular maintenance routine, about once or twice a year.
Signs of a problem: If you hear whining or squealing noises when turning the wheel, or if the steering feels tight, you may need to check the power steering fluid.
6. Windshield Washer Fluid
Windshield washer fluid might not seem as critical as the other fluids, but it’s still important for visibility, especially during bad weather. Running out of washer fluid when your windshield is dirty can make it hard to see, which could cause an accident.
How often to check: You should check your washer fluid every few months or whenever you notice it’s getting low. It’s especially important to have plenty of washer fluid in the winter, when salt and grime build up on your windshield.
Signs of a problem: If nothing sprays out when you activate the washer, it’s time to refill the fluid.
7. Differential and Transfer Case Fluids
For those who drive vehicles with four-wheel drive (4WD) or all-wheel drive (AWD), checking differential and transfer case fluids is also essential. These fluids keep the gears in these systems lubricated, helping them work properly. While these fluids don't need to be checked as often as engine oil or transmission fluid, they are still important for keeping your vehicle's drivetrain healthy.
How often to check: You typically only need to check these fluids during scheduled maintenance. Your mechanic can check and replace them when needed.
Signs of a problem: If you hear grinding or whining noises from the wheels or feel vibrations while driving, it could be a sign that these fluids need attention.
Conclusion
Regularly checking and maintaining your vehicle's fluids is one of the easiest ways to keep it running smoothly and safely. By keeping an eye on engine oil, transmission fluid, brake fluid, coolant, and more, you can avoid bigger problems and save money on repairs.
Take a few minutes every month to pop the hood and check your fluid levels. If you're unsure about any of the fluids or how to check them, consult your owner’s manual or ask your mechanic for help. Keeping up with fluid checks might seem like a small task, but it’s a crucial part of keeping your car in good shape and ensuring your safety on the road.
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